Gender in Shakespeares Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and...

Becca Griffing 02/08/2012 Shakespeare in Love Analyze the representation of gender in two or more plays and/or films When reading literature from the Renaissance period, it is clear to see male and female characters were thought upon as two completely different types of people. By following what the bible told them about the opposite sexes, writers in this time were able to set specific gender norms for both men and women. However, when reading the works of William Shakespeare, one can sense a riff in the norms of either sex. With characters such as Romeo in Romeo and Juliet, we can see a character that possess qualities that do not necessarily belong to their gender. However, with a character like Desdemona in Othello, we can see†¦show more content†¦Nobody--I myself. Farewell-- Commend me to my kind lord--O’ farewell! (V,ii, 122-125) Even though it is obvious that Othello was her true killer, Desdemona blames her death only on herself. Being the obedient wife that she was, Desdemona would never dare pin her death onto her husband. However, to have her die by her husbands’ hand was Shakespeares way of solidifying her dedication to him. Like any good woman in Renaissance literature, Desdemona was loyal to her husband in life, and with death, still remains loyal to his will. It is unfortunate to see a character who is as bright as Desdemona fall a victim to the classic standard of woman during this period of literature. However, not all of Shakespeare’s women give into the standards that society has laid out for them; at least not without a fight. In Twelfth Night, we see a woman who is pretending to be a man. The concept of dressing in drag is not unusual in Shakespearian comedies. By doing so, the main female character is allowed to perform heroic acts that were usually reserved for men. While she d oes eventually switch back into women’s wear and becomes a loyal wife, she is first allowed to prove herself to be brave and cunning, and is able to do so without having to face the stereotypical consequences. In this play, Viola’s cross dressing experience is important to both the central complication and resolution to the plot. In Act 1, scene 5, Viola, who isShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Er A Standard Of Power, Authority, And Head Of The Family Essay2018 Words   |  9 Pagesbe her husband but if she was single then her father or brother. Gender conventions in Elizabethan Era is key to understand my argument about how women in Shakespeare’s plays break their gender conventions. I will be using parts from Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Twelfth Night, to show how women in this time period broke gender conventions. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, we see that it defies most traditional gender roles in the play by allowing his characters to surpass the stereotypicalRead MoreShakespeare s Twelfth Night ( C. 1600-01 )2907 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Twelfth Night (c. 1600-01) is a complicated play which deals with the nature of love, gender role and the intricate comic and tragic experiences of love. The characters have multiple layers of gender roles and sexual attractions which makes the issue of gender identity more complex. For example, Viola, the heroine of the play is dressed as a male, Cesario, throughout most of the play. As a male, Viola woos Olivia for Orsino, resulting in Olivia falling in love with Viola-as-Cesario.Read MoreThe Elizabethan Er An Important Form Of Entertainment And Occupation For The Elizabethans2132 Words   |  9 Pagesplays are rich and are suggested works for pursuing women’s studies and gender ideologies. His plays depicted the social status and responsibilities of women in the society. He seemed to support the English renaissance stereotypes of men and women .He also raised questions about the conventional image of men and women, the characteristics that their gender demands, the definit ion of feminine and masculine, about how both the gender possess both masculine and feminine behaviour, the patriarchy and the

Police Influence on Society - 744 Words

Police Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. The history of American policing was learned from Great Britain and adapted by America. The first ideal people to do the policing were healthy young boys and men that had come over with the Europeans on the first ships to venture to America (Trojanowicz, R. C., 1991). The main reason was to protect†¦show more content†¦An example, a young man steals a cow and in history that man’s punishment would have been his hands cut off. Today, if the same young man stole a cow, he would either have to go through the court process and either get probation or jail time. Today, protection is the number one priority of law enforcement and to make the members of society feel safe and to serve the members of the community. Policing in multicultural communities is evident in most major cities throughout the United States. Law enforcement has adapted to the changing multicultural society. Police agencies have become a melting pot of different culture just like the communities that are served (MacNamara amp; Burns, 2009). Policing can only be effective if the police build trust and positive relationships within the communities. This can also reduce crime because the community knows it can count on the police when they are needed. The past and the present have the goal. It was and is to protect society and provide a system to do that. This is the main reason that the different aspects of the criminal justice systems were formed. The police influence on society is only going to continue to expand while the cultures expand with it (MacNamara amp; Burns, 2009). The criminal justice system is a wheel that will be turning and changing forever. In the end, policing cannot solve all the problemsShow MoreRelatedPolice Influence on Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Police Influence on Society Police Influence on Society 1 The relationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. African Americans along with other minority groups were often abused by police. Minorities were viewed to have no rights and this treatment was commonplace. This brutal treatmentRead MorePolice Influence on Society Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Influence on Society Bruce Strong CJA/344 November 8, 2012 Albert J. Munoz-Flores, Psy. D. Police Influence on Society If you watch the nightly news you are bound to see a report of a clash between the police and a suspect or suspects. This often involves a high speed chase or the police taking a suspect down. These events are increasingly captured on video, especially with the advances in smart phones and portable video devices. Very often what you see is a white police officerRead MorePolice Influence on Society Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: POLICE INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY Police Influence on Society CJA/344 Historically, this nation of the United States has proven many times over its dominance over those who are different to those in power. The United States has proven time and again that it can and will discriminate against others it considers less than equal. This is proven and demonstrated to all U. S citizens and those who are not, in our history books throughout school. Every year affording student’s new informationRead MorePolice Influence On Society : The United States943 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Influence on Society The United States is one of the most civilized and structured countries in the World. Since the early settlers came to the new country and established settlements there has been a need for law enforcement. As most of the settlers immigrated from English colonies it is no surprise that law enforcement in the new world was modeled from English culture however, no matter if its United States or England government is the foundation of law enforcement. As such, policingRead MoreEssay about Police Influence on Society981 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Influence on Society Policing has come along way the In the United States. Resources such has vehicles, radios, and computers have made policing much more efficient. Although policing has advanced, history of policing has had a huge impact on the current relationship between African Americans and police. Tension between African Americans and police existed throughout the history of policing and still exists within policing today. Policing history is divided into the political era, reformRead MoreEssay about Effects of Organizational Culture on Police Decision Making1056 Words   |  5 Pagesthe police organizational culture on a Police officer’s ability to make independent decisions. Every culture is composed of four elements: â€Å"values, norms, beliefs, and expressive symbols† (Peterson, 1979, p. 137). Each police officer is influenced by the police organizational culture during training. After graduation fro the police academy, the officer is influenced by the more experienced officers of the department. Research conducted by several authors has found that peer influence neverRead MoreCultural Consideration1138 Words   |  5 Pagesjustice system cultural concerns and influences in today’s societies have its positive and negative aspects. Cultural concerns and influences raises a lot of attention of the affect it has on justice and the security administration. In this paper it will first discuss how cultural concerns and influence affect the justice and security administration and its practices. Second, what contemporary methods are used in the societies of mixed cultures? Third, what influences and considerations that relatesRead MoreOutlin e and assess the role of the police in the social construction of crime (50 marks)1735 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Outline and assess the role of the police in the social construction of crime (50 marks) Social construction refers to the way in which crime and deviance in society might be created and shaped by society and social institutions. This can occur in a number of different ways. For example, they can influence public perception and definitions of what establishes crime and deviance, deviants or non-deviants. They can also influence the amount of crime in society by amplifying it therefore clampingRead MoreMorality Inside Of The Field Of Criminal Equity848 Words   |  4 Pagesutilizing cases. Second I will talk about Theories in regards to open defilement and how police debasement creates has turned into an issue as the years progressed. There are three noteworthy speculations with respect to open defilement: society-everywhere theory, basic or association speculation, and spoiled apple speculation. Each of these hypotheses gives an alternate look as to police defilement. The theories are Society-at-Large Hypothesis, Structural or Affiliation Hypothesis and The Rotten Ap ple HypothesisRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society s Attitude Toward Pointing Out An Apparent Ongoing Struggle Between Whites And Blacks1668 Words   |  7 Pagesit because society is only interested in hearing about what is going wrong in the world, or is the media trying to create controversy and increase racial tensions to garner larger television audiences and sell more newspapers? Many stories in the news relate to racism: police brutality, education, crime; the media has a way of portraying these matters or specific incidents to suggest that a vast majority of Americans are racist. What might happen if the media, specifically, and society in general

Tadao ando free essay sample

Born on the year 1941 during the 13th of September in Osaka, Japan, Tadao Ando grew up in the city of Osaka as he watched his country recovering from the war. He was raised in the care of his grandmother who had â€Å"ando† as a name. During his younger years, he worked as a carpenter and in turn led him to gain knowledge about wood and even resulted to his creations of airplane and ship models. He mentioned that when he was about the age of 18, he studied architecture by actually going to buildings and experiencing them. Tadao Ando bought a book about Le Corbusiers sketches and was inspired by the ideas of the man. Between 1962 and 1969, Tadao Ando made visits to Europe, Africa and the United States. This was the time that he started to formulate his personal ideas about architectural design. He formed his own architectural firm named Tadao Ando Architectural Associates in his hometown of Osaka by the year 1969. HIS WORKS MASTERPIECES The body of work of Tadao Ando has been notorious for the imaginative and constructive utilization of natural light. Following the natural forms of the landscape, he is also known for this architectural conceptualizations. Materiality is the initial impression of Tadao Andos architecture. The powerful and large walls of his works set a boundary. Tactility is the second impression of Andos works. Admitting light, soft to touch, expressing stillness, these are what his walls seems to impose on a person who sees or experiences his works. Emptiness is the third impression for the visitors of his buildings due to the light space of the buildings surroundings. His first realization was made in Osaka during the year 1975. It was a Row House. Having a simple block building that was inserted into a street that has a narrow row of houses, this place could be easily recognizable due to the blankness of the concrete facade stressed by just a single doorway. Tadao Andos second realization was the Koshino House that was done in two separate phases, first was during 1980 to 1981 while the second was through the years 1983 to 1984. This Koshino House possess all fragments of the Japanese architects   architectonic vocabulary, light being the main purpose. This work was a masterpiece. Tadao Ando stressed the importance of the light and the wind with regards to the completeness of the building. But as he is notoriously famous internationally, Tadao Andos most noteworthy masterpieces are his religious buildings. He has designed several different structures of religion and contemplation, most of them Christian chapels. One notable building is the Church of the Light located in Baraki, Osaka which was completed in 1989. It is placed in a suburb that is residential, just 40 kilometers to north-east of the center of Osaka. Consisting from a concrete box that is rectangular in shape, crossed at 15 degrees angle by a wall that is freestanding. Tadao Ando gives importance to the entering of a building and how a person could experience the architecture and be aware of its concept or message. As he is popular, this building also has an emphasis on light and space. ARCHITECTURAL AWARDS What makes Tadao Ando inspiring is his numerous prestigious awards. These awards has made him one of the worlds most highly respected architects. His works, ideas and awards has formed him to be an influential entity in the architecture world for students. His awards include the Carlsberg Prize in 1992, the Praemium Imperiale in 1996, the Gold Medal of Royal Institue of British Architects in 1997, and most especially the 1995 Pritzker Prize, the highest award in architecture. Adding to these reputable honors, Tadao Ando, despite having no degree in architecture, has become a visiting professor or instructor in institutions in the United States such as Harvard, Yale, and Columbia. He has also provided different lectures at other schools such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Princeton, University of Pennsylvania, University of California at Berkely, Rice, and also at prominent colleges in France, England and other different countries. CONCLUSION All in all, Tadao Ando has become one of the most influential architects of modern times. His inspiring works and awesome ideas about design has marked him as one of the greatests in history. His style and conceptualizations about the utilization of light and space has created a following that garnered him as a very influential person in the field of Architecture. His masterpieces about religious structures presented a new approach towards the old typical religious building looks. His use of materials and the combination of light and airiness with regards to forms differentiates him from the rest of the pack. Tadao Ando is simply remarkable. Despite a lack of background in architecture by not having an architectural degree, he still managed to become one of the most successful and notable architects of his time. His work ethic and respect for the other superior architects who preceded him has made Tadao Ando an architect worth respecting and following. WORKS CITED â€Å"Ando, Tadao.† The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2007. Davey, Peter. â€Å"Ando in Toto†. The Architectural Review October 1999: 60. Muschamp, Herbert. Among the Fountains with Tadao Ando; Concrete Dreams In the Sun   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kings Court†. New York Times. 21 September 1995. â€Å"Prizker Prize.† The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2007. http://architect.architecture.sk/tadao-ando-architect/tadao-ando-architect.php http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Tadao_Ando.html http://www.pritzkerprize.com/ppg7.htm

UFOs (741 words) Essay Example For Students

UFOs (741 words) Essay UFOs Introduction:What exactly is a U.F.O? Where do they come from? What do they wantfrom us? Well, a UFO is an unusual airborne object that cannot beidentified, even after an expert examination. 90 Percent of these reportsare either Hoaxes, Conventional objects, or some poor person going insane. The other 10 percent is considered UFO enigma. History:The data of the first UFO sighting is not known. Some researchers saythat UFO sightings date back to ancient times. There is no evidence forthis speculation, so it is just a thought. Most researchers though markthe beginning of sightings in the United States un the later 1800s, theywere called The Mystery Airships. The next major fleet of sightings wereduring the second world war, from pilots who say they say metal likeobjects floating in the sky. These fighter pilots called them foofighters. And in 1947 in Europe, there were sightings of silent ghostrockets. None of these speculations were ever entirely explained. The UFO phenomenon entered the publics eye on June 24, 1947, at2:44am, when private pilot Kenneth Arnold reported sighting nine circularobjects in the skies over the state of Washington. He (Kenneth) describedthese objects like saucers skipping over water. There the term FlyingSaucer was born. UFO Waves:Since 1947 there have been UFO sightings in almost every country. Sometimes there is something called a UFO wave, which for a short time UFOsighting increase rapidly in one certain area. For instance, UFO wavesoccurred in France and Italy in 1954, in New Guinea in 1958, and in theUSSR in 1967. In the United States and Canada, waves happened in 1947,1952, 1957, 1965-67, and in 1979. Nobody can explain ANYTHING about thesewaves. Attempts to link them with hysteria, mentality and stress have allfailed. Facts and Polls:There are thousands of sightings each year. In 1973, a Gallup pollsaid that 11 percent of the American public has had an encounter with aUFO. More then 500,000 worldwide sighting reports have been computerized. A study of these reports are random and show no pattern. Witnesses cutacross economic, class, race and educational lines. However, a greaterpercentage of these reports have come from people living in rural areas,then from people living in urban areas. The reason for this. UNKNOWN! Sightings:Witnesses report many, many different shapes and sizes of UFOs, evenshape changing ones. The famous Two bowls joined at the rim shape isreported often, but reports of objects shaped like cigars, squares, balls,triangles, rings, and GUITARS are also common. Most of these reports are of objects from far away, but reports ofclose encounters also exist. Some of the most interesting sightings, arereported on or near the ground. Often the person claims that the ship lefta mark or something on the ground, this is called a Trace Case. Sometimes these cases are said to make mechanical or electrical things togo haywire. For instance, a car stalling, a computer going haywire, a T.V. blowing up, ECT. Claims of witnessing a UFO have come from sober, reliable people. These reports, however, have to be separated from the contactees, whoclaim they have been a part of the Alien Brotherhood, who gave them UFOrides to other times and planets. Government Projects:The U.S. Air Force attempted to study UFOs from 1948-69 with the BlueBook Project. After collecting reports for 21 years, it concluded the UFOsdid not represent a threat to the United States (at war that is). But, in1953 the U.S. thought that the USSR might be using the UFOs as a warfareweapon against them. So, from 53-69 that is all the United States werethinking about, and never considered any of this to be a unique phenomenon. .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c , .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .postImageUrl , .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c , .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:hover , .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:visited , .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:active { border:0!important; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:active , .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf8c29fbb71468541716904fc36a971c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Fur Trade Period in the Indian Territory Essay Conclusion:I have learned a great amount of things from doing this project. There are many people out there studying these sightings, and reports. People using their own funds to figure out what exactly is up there. Ifeel bad for these people, for in my mind, I think all of the UFO stuff isjust abnormal weather conditions. Now, the close encounters on the ground,I cant explain that, could be hysteria, or booze. Or maybe, just maybe,there is something out there, just waiting to be found. I still thinkbecause of the lack of information, UFO sightings are the most mysteriousin the world, OR BEYOND!

Significance of Environmental Analysis Essay Example

Significance of Environmental Analysis Paper Environment refers to all factors, the forces of influence of which have a bearing on functioning of the business. These factors may be internal such as the personnel and internal mechanism of the organization; or external such as competition, government policies, customer preferences, etc. Internal factors are controllable in nature. They include human resources, financial strength, marketing resources, physical assets, technological competitiveness, management structure and nature, company image and brand equity, value system, etc. These factors highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Weaknesses must be minimized or they may prove fatal to its survival. External factors are beyond the control Of the organization. They refer to the external environment – Macro-environment (General environment) as well as Micro-environment (Operating environment). Micro-environmental factors tend to have a direct impact on the firm and are more intimately linked with the company than Macro-environmental factors. Micro- environmental factors include customers, competitors, channel intermediaries, suppliers, etc. Macro-environmental factors may be Demographic such as population size and density, literacy rate; Economic such as economic and fiscal policies of government, national and international trade situation, demand and supply factors; Physical environment and ecological factors such as availability Of natural resources, pollution situation; Technological factors such as availability of latest and competitive technology; or Political and Legal factors such as structure of legislature and stability of ruling political party. The success of every business firm or organization depends on adapting itself to the environment within which it operates. For example, when there is a change in the government policies, it has to make necessary changes to adapt it to new policies. Similarly, a change in technology may render existing reduces obsolete, as we have seen that the introduction of computer has replaced the typewriters. Again a change in the fashion or customers’ taste may shift th e demand in the market for a particular product, e. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Environmental Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer . , the demand for jeans reduced the sale of other traditional wear. Hence, it is very necessary to have a clear understanding of the concept of business environment and the nature of its various components. Strategic Management Every business must have a strategic management mechanism in order to ensure its survival in the present competitive world. Strategic management involves formulating, implementing and evaluating Ross functional decisions that will enable the organization to achieve its objectives. It is the process of specifying the organization’s objectives, developing policies and plans to achieve these objectives and allocating resources to implement the policies and plans to achieve the organization’s objectives. It, therefore, combines the activities of all the various functional areas. It ensures correct direction for the enterprise. Strategic management does not replace traditional management activities such as budgeting, planning, monitoring, marketing, reporting and controlling. Rather, it integrates them into a broader context, taking into count the external environment, internal organizational capabilities and organization’s overall purpose and direction. It is an ongoing process that assesses the business environment, sets goals and plans to meet the prevailing competitiveness, and evaluates the performance of the enterprise, thus creating a fit between the organization and its external environment and providing a process of coping with change and organizational renewal. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PROCESS [pick] Environmental Analysis Organizations scan the environment in order to understand the external forces of change so that they may develop effective responses which secure r improve their position in the future. They scan in order to avoid surprises, identify threats and opportunities, gain competitive advantage, and improve long- and short-term planning. Organizations usually scan their environments randomly, regularly as well as continuously. To the extent that an organization’s ability to adapt to its outside environment is dependent on knowing and interpreting the external changes that are taking place, environmental scanning constitutes a primary mode of organizational learning. Environmental scanning includes both looking at information (viewing) and looking for information (searching). Environmental scanning is considered as one of the critical ingredients in the strategic formulation process. It can provide early warning signals to organizations from emerging environmental uncertainties, risks, threats and opportunities and hence reduce the chance of being blindly shielded. With effective environmental scanning, organizations would be able to obtain more accurate market and industry insights, and thereby be more likely to satisfy current customers and explore new market segments, successfully develop and market a new product or service based on trend analysis, or establish a utter brand image, all Of which would ultimately contribute to the financial performance. MEANING DEFINITION Environmental Scanning means an examination and study of the environment of a business unit in order to identify its survival and prosperity chances. It means observing the business environment both external and internal and understanding its implications for business opportunities. It also involves knowing beforehand the risks and uncertainties as well as threats to the business unit. Environmental Analysis is the monitoring, evaluating and disseminating of information from the external and the internal environment to key people thin the organization. It IS a process of gathering, analyzing and dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental scanning process entails obtaining both factual and subjective information on the business environments in which a company is operating or considering entering. Definitions â€Å"The process by which strategists monitor the economic, governmental/ legal, market/competitive, supplier/technological, geographic and social settings to determine opportunities and threats to their firms† â€Å"Environmental Analysis is the monitoring evaluating and disseminating f information from the external and the internal environment to key people within the corporation† Conceptual Map [pick HISTORY The idea of environmental scanning was developed by Jugular (1 967: Introduction). Jugulars definition was widely adopted in scanning literature (e. . , Albright in 2004; Coho in 1993. Later studies reinforced his definition without substantially altering this perspective, but more attention was given to searching than viewing, and environmental scanning was gradually extended to be a more complete and systematic information process. Daft and Wick (1984) looked at environmental scanning as an organization learning process, which could be divided into scanning (information seeking), interpretation (giving meaning to the collected data) and learning (taking action based on the data). Lester and Waters (1989) defined environmental scanning as a management process with three key components, I. E. Obtaining, analyzing and using information about the environment. Hough and White (2004) view environment scanning as a sequence of procedures of identifying, collecting, processing and translating information about external influences into useful decisions and plans. Albright (2004) defined environmental scanning as the internal immunization of external information about issues that may potentially influence an organization’s decision-making process. Albright suggests that a formal environmental scanning process has five integrally linked steps: identifying the organization’s scanning needs of the organization, gathering the information, analyzing the information, communicating the results, and making informed decisions. IMPORTANCE Environmental Scanning is essential because of following reasons: 1) Prime Influence Environment is a prime influence on the effectiveness of business strategies. If strategic planning is done without considering environment, it is keel to be defective. Besides, the success of the implementation of the strategy depends on the environmental factors. 2) A tool to anticipate Changes Environmental scanning is a very useful tool not only to understand business surroundings, but also as a good instrument to anticipate the changes and be prepared to face the challenges of such changes. 3) Time for adjustment A business unit cannot change the business activities overnight. It needs time to adjust with the changing environment. If it has to face the changed environment suddenly, it may be possible to make immediate hangers according to the demand of the changed environment.

How to Get a Federal Tax ID Number

How to Get a Federal Tax ID Number Anyone who operates a business may be required to by the  Internal Revenue Service  (IRS) to get an Employee Identification Number, also known as a Tax ID Number. Just as a  Social Security  number is used by the  IRS  to identify individual taxpayers, the unique EIN is used to identify businesses. If the form you are filling out asks for your  federal  Employer Identification Number (EIN)  or Federal Tax ID Number, and you dont have one, its time to ask yourself: Do you really need an EIN, and if you do, how do you get one? The IRS requires businesses to provide their EIN on all tax documents and forms. Not all businesses need an EIN, but if yours does, the IRS offers several methods to get one. Does Your Business Need an Federal Tax ID Number? Any business offering products or services that are taxed in any way must get a federal tax ID number. If your state taxes personal services, or if you are required to collect sales taxes on your sales, you need an EIN. All the government forms you will be required to file for your business will require either your EIN or Social Security number. With a few exceptions, any business that has employees or pays any kind of federal, state, or local taxes will need an Employer Identification Number. Apply Online for an EIN The quickest way to apply for an EIN is online through the IRS websites secure  EIN Assistant  page. You will be given your EIN immediately after completing the short application form. After you complete the online application the IRS will create your new EIN, which you can start using immediately. Youll get an IRS document download that confirms that your application was successful and provides your EIN. Save a copy on your computer and to print one for your records in case you forget the EIN. File for an EIN by Fax or Mail The IRS also takes applications for an EIN via fax or mail. For these methods, youll need to fill out the IRS Form SS-4  and contact the appropriate office, depending on where you live. Anyone whose principal business is located in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia can file for an EIN using: Internal Revenue ServiceATTN: EIN OperationCincinnati, OH, 45999Fax: (855) 641-6935 When applying by fax, include a return fax number so the IRS can respond with your EIN within four days. By mail, the timeframe for the IRS to process the application is four weeks. Get a Federal Tax ID Number by Phone Only international applicants are allowed to apply by  phone,  and must answer questions regarding the SS-4. These applications can be completed by calling 267-941-1099. Essential Information for All EIN Applications The EIN application process requires some basic information, including: The type of EIN you are applying for, such as a  sole proprietorship,  corporation,  LLC, partnership or estateReason for applying for the EIN, such as starting a new business, banking purposes or a range of other reasonsYour nameYour Social Security number A Few Federal Tax ID Number Tips If you lose or forget your EIN, you can always call the toll-free IRS Business Specialty Tax Line at 800-829-4933. An IRS representative will ask you for some identifying information, such as your Social Security number, to ensure you are the person authorized to receive the EIN. Once you have completed the application and the IRS has assigned an EIN, the number can never be canceled. However, if you ever decide you no longer need the EIN, the IRS can close your business account for you. If you need it again, the EIN remains available to you and will never be reassigned to anyone else by the IRS.

A summary on the book Not a Drop to drink by Ken Midkiff on the main Essay

A summary on the book Not a Drop to drink by Ken Midkiff on the main economic issues relevant to enviromental economics - Essay Example The second cause is wrong choice of crops and wrong encouragement of such choice. Midkiff points out that whereas about 50% of the U.S. population were engaged in agriculture in the early 1900s, that number has dwindled to just 1% at present (Midkiff, 36). While also blaming growing of crops like soya beans, corn and wheat on lands where irrigation is fed by depleting aquifers (Midkiff, 52), he heaps heavy blame on the â€Å"water guzzling† rice crop (Midkiff, 50), saying rice is a wrong crop choice as it needs a huge amount of water. For example, in Central Valley, California, rice has largely contributed to the water shortage; the Valley, once previously a desert, blossomed with agricultural abundance brought about by the supply of underpriced water as a result of old fashioned, lobby-driven farm grants from the government {for example, in 2005, government grants totaled $ massive 143 billion (Midkiff, 46)}. Midkiff warns that if no remedial action is quickly taken, huge tra cts of California land will revert to desert condition (Midkiff, 45). The third cause is population increase. Midkiff says the U.S. population is continually increasing and consumption of water per person is also increasing (Midkiff, 53), creating the problem of â€Å"too many people in a dry land that cannot support its population† (Midkiff, 54). The fourth cause is privatization. Blaming water privatization for causing â€Å"consternation, controversy and outcry throughout the world† (Midkiff, 92), Midkiff declares that it will only increase the water bills payable by the common people. The last cause is global warming that is increasingly throwing the patterns and volume of global water resources into disarray. Midkiff blames the burning of fossil fuels in coal power plants and in the nation’s millions of cars as the main producer of carbon dioxide that is polluting the atmosphere and leading to